Dose verification based on proton-induced positron emitters is a promising quality assurance tool and may leverage the strength of artificial intelligence. To move a step closer towards practical application, the sensitivity analysis of two factors needs to be performed: biological washout and depth selection. selection. A bi-directional recurrent neural network (RNN) model was developed. The training dataset was generated based upon a CT image-based phantom (abdomen region) and multiple beam energies/pathways, using Monte-Carlo simulation (1 mm spatial resolution, no biological washout). For the modeling of biological washout, a simplified analytical model was applied to change raw activity profiles over a period of 5 minutes, incorporating both physical decay and biological washout. For the study of depth selection (a challenge linked to multi field/angle irradiation), truncations were applied at different window lengths (100, 125, 150 mm) to raw activity profiles. Finally, the performance of a worst-case scenario was examined by combining both factors (depth selection: 125 mm, biological washout: 5 mins). The accuracy was quantitatively evaluated in terms of range uncertainty, mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative errors (MRE). Our proposed AI framework shows good immunity to the perturbation associated with two factors. The detection of proton-induced positron emitters, combined with machine learning, has great potential to implement online patient-specific verification in proton therapy.

In time series forecasting, decomposition-based algorithms break aggregate data into meaningful components and are therefore appreciated for their particular advantages in interpretability. Recent algorithms often combine machine learning (hereafter ML) methodology with decomposition to improve prediction accuracy. However, incorporating ML is generally considered to sacrifice interpretability inevitably. In addition, existing hybrid algorithms usually rely on theoretical models with statistical assumptions and focus only on the accuracy of aggregate predictions, and thus suffer from accuracy problems, especially in component estimates. In response to the above issues, this research explores the possibility of improving accuracy without losing interpretability in time series forecasting. We first quantitatively define interpretability for data-driven forecasts and systematically review the existing forecasting algorithms from the perspective of interpretability. Accordingly, we propose the W-R algorithm, a hybrid algorithm that combines decomposition and ML from a novel perspective. Specifically, the W-R algorithm replaces the standard additive combination function with a weighted variant and uses ML to modify the estimates of all components simultaneously. We mathematically analyze the theoretical basis of the algorithm and validate its performance through extensive numerical experiments. In general, the W-R algorithm outperforms all decomposition-based and ML benchmarks. Based on P50_QL, the algorithm relatively improves by 8.76% in accuracy on the practical sales forecasts of JD.com and 77.99% on a public dataset of electricity loads. This research offers an innovative perspective to combine the statistical and ML algorithms, and JD.com has implemented the W-R algorithm to make accurate sales predictions and guide its marketing activities.

LiDAR and camera are two essential sensors for 3D object detection in autonomous driving. LiDAR provides accurate and reliable 3D geometry information while the camera provides rich texture with color. Despite the increasing popularity of fusing these two complementary sensors, the challenge remains in how to effectively fuse 3D LiDAR point cloud with 2D camera images. Recent methods focus on point-level fusion which paints the LiDAR point cloud with camera features in the perspective view or bird's-eye view (BEV)-level fusion which unifies multi-modality features in the BEV representation. In this paper, we rethink these previous fusion strategies and analyze their information loss and influences on geometric and semantic features. We present SemanticBEVFusion to deeply fuse camera features with LiDAR features in a unified BEV representation while maintaining per-modality strengths for 3D object detection. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the large-scale nuScenes dataset, especially for challenging distant objects. The code will be made publicly available.

Motion planning is challenging for autonomous systems in multi-obstacle environments due to nonconvex collision avoidance constraints. Directly applying numerical solvers to these nonconvex formulations fails to exploit the constraint structures, resulting in excessive computation time. In this paper, we present an accelerated collision-free motion planner, namely regularized dual alternating direction method of multipliers (RDADMM or RDA for short), for the model predictive control (MPC) based motion planning problem. The proposed RDA addresses nonconvex motion planning via solving a smooth biconvex reformulation via duality and allows the collision avoidance constraints to be computed in parallel for each obstacle to reduce computation time significantly. We validate the performance of the RDA planner through path-tracking experiments with car-like robots in simulation and real world setting. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can generate smooth collision-free trajectories with less computation time compared with other benchmarks and perform robustly in cluttered environments.

基于文本的视觉问题回答〜（TextVQA）旨在为具有多个场景文本的图像问题提供正确的答案。在大多数情况下，文本自然附着在物体表面上。因此，文本和对象之间的空间推理在文本VQA中至关重要。但是，现有方法在从输入图像中学到的2D空间信息中受到限制，并依靠基于变压器的体系结构在融合过程中隐含地推理。在此设置下，这些2D空间推理方法无法区分同一图像平面上的视觉对象和场景文本之间的细颗粒空间关系，从而损害了TextVQA模型的可解释性和性能。在本文中，我们将3D几何信息引入了类似人类的空间推理过程，以逐步捕获关键对象的上下文知识。 ％我们通过引入3D几何信息来捕获关键对象的上下文知识来制定类似人类的空间推理过程。为了增强模型对3D空间关系的理解，特别是（i）〜我们提出了一个关系预测模块，以准确定位关键对象的关注区域； （ii）〜我们设计了一个深度感知的注意校准模块，以根据关键对象校准OCR令牌的注意力。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法在TextVQA和ST-VQA数据集上实现了最先进的性能。更令人鼓舞的是，我们的模型在涉及TextVQA和ST-VQA有效拆分中的空间推理的问题上以5.7 \％和12.1 \％的明显边缘超过了他人。此外，我们还验证了模型对基于文本的图像字幕任务的普遍性。

许多数据挖掘任务依靠图来模拟个人（节点）之间的关系结构。由于关系数据通常很敏感，因此迫切需要评估图形数据中的隐私风险。对数据分析模型的著名隐私攻击是模型反转攻击，该攻击旨在推断培训数据集中的敏感数据并引起极大的隐私问题。尽管它在类似网格的域中取得了成功，但直接应用模型反转攻击（例如图形）导致攻击性能差。这主要是由于未能考虑图的唯一属性。为了弥合这一差距，我们对模型反转攻击对图神经网络（GNNS）进行了系统研究，这是本文中最新的图形分析工具之一。首先，在攻击者可以完全访问目标GNN模型的白色框设置中，我们提出GraphMi来推断私人训练图数据。具体而言，在GraphMi中，提出了一个投影梯度模块来应对图边的离散性并保持图形特征的稀疏性和平滑度。图形自动编码器模块用于有效利用边缘推理的图形拓扑，节点属性和目标模型参数。随机采样模块最终可以采样离散边缘。此外，在攻击者只能查询GNN API并接收分类结果的硬标签黑框设置中，我们根据梯度估计和增强学习（RL-GraphMI）提出了两种方法。我们的实验结果表明，此类防御措施没有足够的有效性，并要求对隐私攻击进行更先进的防御能力。

如今，基础模型已成为人工智能中的基本基础设施之一，铺平了通往通用情报的方式。但是，现实提出了两个紧急挑战：现有的基础模型由英语社区主导；用户通常会获得有限的资源，因此不能总是使用基础模型。为了支持中文社区的发展，我们介绍了一个名为Fengshenbang的开源项目，该项目由认知计算与自然语言研究中心（CCNL）领导。我们的项目具有全面的功能，包括大型预培训模型，用户友好的API，基准，数据集等。我们将所有这些都包装在三个子项目中：风水次模型，风水框架和狂热基准。 Fengshenbang的开源路线图旨在重新评估中国预培训的大型大型模型的开源社区，促使整个中国大型模型社区的发展。我们还希望构建一个以用户为中心的开源生态系统，以允许个人访问所需的模型以匹配其计算资源。此外，我们邀请公司，大学和研究机构与我们合作建立大型开源模型的生态系统。我们希望这个项目将成为中国认知情报的基础。

半监督学习（SSL）通过利用大量未标记数据来增强有限标记的样品来改善模型的概括。但是，目前，流行的SSL评估协议通常受到计算机视觉（CV）任务的约束。此外，以前的工作通常从头开始训练深层神经网络，这是耗时且环境不友好的。为了解决上述问题，我们通过从简历，自然语言处理（NLP）和音频处理（AUDIO）中选择15种不同，具有挑战性和全面的任务来构建统一的SSL基准（USB），我们会系统地评估主导的SSL方法，以及开源的一个模块化和可扩展的代码库，以对这些SSL方法进行公平评估。我们进一步为简历任务提供了最新的神经模型的预训练版本，以使成本负担得起，以进行进一步调整。 USB启用对来自多个域的更多任务的单个SSL算法的评估，但成本较低。具体而言，在单个NVIDIA V100上，仅需要37个GPU天才能在USB中评估15个任务的FIXMATCH，而335 GPU天（除ImageNet以外的4个CV数据集中的279 GPU天）在使用典型协议的5个CV任务上需要进行5个CV任务。

总膝关节置换术（TKA）是一种常见的骨科手术，可以用人造植入物代替受损的膝关节。实现计划的植入物位置的不准确性可能会导致植入物成分无菌释放，磨损甚至是联合修订的风险，并且大多数情况下发生在常规夹具TKA的胫骨一侧（con- con- con- con- con- TKA）。这项研究旨在精确评估胫骨近端切除面的准确性，以实时术中内部，以使评估处理在Con-TKA手术过程中的变化很小。在近端胫骨切除阶段捕获的两张X射线X线射线照相以及从计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描分割的术前患者特异性胫骨3D网格模型和trocar Pin 3D网格模型用于拟议的同时定位和映射（ SLAM）系统以估计胫骨近端切除平面。使用模拟和体内数据集进行验证，以证明所提出算法的鲁棒性和潜在临床值。

复杂物理系统的高保真模拟在时空尺度上昂贵且无法访问。最近，人们对利用深度学习来增强基于粗粒的模拟来增强科学数据的兴趣越来越大，这是廉价的计算费用，并保留了令人满意的解决方案精度。但是，现有的主要工作集中在数据驱动的方法上，这些方法依赖丰富的培训数据集并缺乏足够的身体约束。为此，我们提出了一个通过物理知识学习的新颖而有效的时空超分辨率框架，灵感来自部分微分方程（PDES）中的时间和空间衍生物之间的独立性。一般原则是利用时间插值来进行流量估计，然后引入卷积转递的神经网络以学习时间细化。此外，我们采用了具有较大激活的堆叠残留块，并带有像素舍式的子像素层进行空间重建，其中特征提取是在低分辨率的潜在潜在空间中进行的。此外，我们考虑在网络中严重施加边界条件以提高重建精度。结果表明，通过广泛的数值实验，与基线算法相比，该方法的卓越有效性和效率。